Emulsion and liposome-based adjuvanted R21 vaccine formulations mediate protection against malaria through distinct immune mechanisms (2023, Cell Reports Medicine)

Some initiatives, including technology-transfer programs and non-exclusive licensing, show that wider access is possible, but usually under controlled arrangements. This commentary argues that unequal access to adjuvants is a result of current commercial, regulatory, and manufacturing systems. Improving access will require more transparent and structured approaches that protect incentives for innovation while making proven adjuvant technologies more affordable and accessible to LMIC manufacturers and smaller developers.